Preprint: SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in human testes

“The virus remains infective after a long infection period in the testes (viral reservoir)”

This is the first study that shows:
1) the high SARS-CoV-2 tropism to the testis
2) one mode of SARS-CoV-2 entrance in testes
3) SARS-CoV-2 preferred infection and replication in spermatogonia and macrophages
4) that the virus remains infective after a long infection period in the testes (viral reservoir)
5) high levels of angiotensin II and activated mast cells and macrophages are critical players in promoting all testicular alterations
6) the more extended severe condition, the lower the number of surviving germ cells
7) fluctuation in several essential testicular genes
8) that the intratesticular testosterone levels are 30 times reduced in testes of COVID-19 patients
9) the prevalent types of collagen present in SARS-CoV-2 mediated testicular fibrosis
10) the fluctuation of vasoconstrictive peptides in testes of COVID-19 critically ill patients

Medrxiv Preprint: SARS-CoV-2 infects, replicates, elevates angiotensin II and activates immune cells in human testes

 

Sars-CoV-2 – checkmate to the virus in four moves

 

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Long COVID patients lack naive T and B cells

Nature article: “Patients with long COVID had highly activated innate immune cells, lacked naive T and B cells and showed elevated expression of type I IFN (IFN-β) and type III IFN (IFN-λ1) that remained persistently high at 8 months after infection”

“T cell activation (indicated by CD38 and HLA-DR), T cell exhaustion and increases in B cell plasmablasts occur during severe COVID-19”

Full Nature article: Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection

 

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Global case fatality rate drops to its lowest ever level during the pandemic

Finally, some good news on the Covid front. Whilst the world battles its way through a blizzard of Omicron, the lower death rate for the variant has sent the global case fatality rate tumbling to just 1.86%, the lowest level since the beginning of the pandemic.  More...